A Review on understanding Brain, and Memory Retention and Recall Processes using EEG and fMRI techniques

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent EEG and fMRI studies to understand brain mechanisms involved in memory retention and recall, highlighting key brain regions, stimuli, challenges, and future research directions.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of neuroimaging techniques applied to memory processes, emphasizing recent findings and methodological challenges in EEG and fMRI studies.

Findings

Identification of key brain regions involved in memory recall

Evaluation of stimuli used in neuroimaging studies

Discussion of methodological challenges in EEG and fMRI

Abstract

Human memory -- the learning of new information involves changes at the synaptic level between neurons dedicated for storage of in-formation. Generally, memory is classified as Long-Term Memory and Short-Term Memory. The various types of the memory and their disorder are widely studied using neuroimaging techniques like Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Brain is effectively occupied with the capabilities of learning, retention and recall. The brain regions (pre-frontal cortex, associated hippocampus cortices and their interactions with other lobes) involved in memory recall tasks focuses on understanding the memory retention and recall processes. However, due to highly complicated and dynamic mechanisms of brain, the specific regions where information may reside are not completely explored. In this research paper, recent memory literature using EEG and fMRI studies is reviewed to understand the memory retention and recall processes as well as the various brain regions associated with these processes. A number of stimuli which are reported in previous studies are evaluated and discussed. Furthermore, the challenges which are being faced by researchers in EEG and fMRI methodologies are also presented. Recommendations for the future research related to memory retention and recall are also discussed at the end.