# Efficient screening of predictive biomarkers for individual treatment selection

## TL;DR

This paper introduces an efficient statistical method for identifying predictive biomarkers in large-scale genetic studies, improving detection power and false discovery control for personalized treatment strategies.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel approach combining weighted loss functions, synthetic posterior inference, and empirical Bayes estimation to enhance biomarker screening in complex clinical data.

## Key findings

- Detected more significant biomarkers than standard methods in breast cancer data
- Demonstrated higher power and false discovery rate control in simulations
- Applicable to large-scale genetic and molecular studies

## Abstract

The development of molecular diagnostic tools to achieve individualized medicine requires identifying predictive biomarkers associated with subgroups of individuals who might receive beneficial or harmful effects from different available treatments. However, due to the large number of candidate biomarkers in the large-scale genetic and molecular studies, and complex relationships among clinical outcome, biomarkers and treatments, the ordinary statistical tests for the interactions between treatments and covariates have difficulties from their limited statistical powers. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for detecting predictive biomarkers. We employ weighted loss functions of Chen et al. (2017) to directly estimate individual treatment scores and propose synthetic posterior inference for effect sizes of biomarkers. We develop an empirical Bayes approach, namely, we estimate unknown hyperparameters in the prior distribution based on data. We then provide efficient screening methods for the candidate biomarkers via optimal discovery procedure with adequate control of false discovery rate. The proposed method is demonstrated in simulation studies and an application to a breast cancer clinical study in which the proposed method was shown to detect the much larger numbers of significant biomarkers than existing standard methods.