# Generalized Theoretical Approach for Analysing Optical Experiments

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a unified theoretical framework for analyzing optical experiments using operator algebra, offering a more versatile alternative to traditional Jones matrix methods, and demonstrates its effectiveness on recent experiments.

## Contribution

The paper presents a generalized operator-based approach for modeling optical experiments, improving analysis simplicity and applicability over existing Jones matrix techniques.

## Key findings

- Successfully models wave-particle superposition experiment
- Effectively describes Passive BB84 with coherent light
- Offers a more flexible analysis tool for optical setups

## Abstract

A generalized approach towards modelling any optical experiment is presented. Beam splitter and phase retarders are described in terms of annihilation and creation operators. We notice that such description provides us a better way to analyze any optical experiment mathematically than Jones matrix algebra. We represent polarization of photon in Fock state basis. We consider recently demonstrated wave-particle superposition generation experiment (Nature Communication, 2017) and Passive BB84 with coherent light (Progress in Informatics, 2011) to test our methodology. We observe that our disciplined methodology can successfully describe the experiments with greater ease, hence offering a convenient tool for modelling any optical arrangement.