# Effects of resonance weak decays and hadronic re-scattering on the proton number fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5$ GeV from JAM model

## TL;DR

This study investigates how resonance decays and hadronic re-scattering influence proton number fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at 5 GeV, highlighting baryon conservation as a key background effect, and provides a baseline for QCD critical point searches.

## Contribution

It offers a detailed analysis of the effects of resonance decays and re-scattering on proton fluctuations using the JAM model, emphasizing baryon conservation's role across rapidity acceptance.

## Key findings

- Resonance decays and re-scattering effects are small at mid-rapidity but increase with acceptance.
- Baryon number conservation significantly suppresses cumulants and correlations.
- The results serve as a baseline for future critical point searches at high baryon density.

## Abstract

Proton number fluctuation is sensitive observable to search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions. In this paper, we studied rapidity acceptance dependence of the proton cumulants and correlation functions in most central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5$ GeV from a microscopic hadronic transport model (JAM). At mid-rapidity, we found the effects of resonance weak decays and hadronic re-scattering on the proton cumulants and correlation functions are small, but those effects get larger when further increasing the rapidity acceptance. On the other hand, we found the baryon number conservation is a dominant background effect on the rapidity acceptance dependence of proton number fluctuations. It leads to a strong suppression of cumulants and cumulant ratios, as well as the negative proton correlation functions. We also studied those two effects on the energy dependence of cumulant ratios of net-proton distributions in most central Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 5-200$ GeV from JAM model. This work can serve as a non-critical baseline for future QCD critical point search in heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density region.