# Long-Range Microwave Mediated Interactions Between Electron Spins

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates long-range microwave-mediated interactions between electron spins separated by over 4 mm, using microwave photons to enable coherent two-qubit gates in quantum dot systems.

## Contribution

It presents the first experimental realization of microwave-mediated spin-spin interactions over millimeter distances in semiconductor quantum dots.

## Key findings

- Coherent spin-photon coupling achieved for individual spins.
- Enhanced vacuum Rabi splitting observed when both spins are resonant.
- Long-range two-qubit gates enabled by microwave photons.

## Abstract

Entangling gates for electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots are generally based on exchange, a short-ranged interaction that requires wavefunction overlap. Coherent spin-photon coupling raises the prospect of using photons as long-distance interconnects for spin qubits. Realizing a key milestone for spin-based quantum information processing, we demonstrate microwave-mediated spin-spin interactions between two electrons that are physically separated by more than 4 mm. Coherent spin-photon coupling is demonstrated for each individual spin using microwave transmission spectroscopy. An enhanced vacuum Rabi splitting is observed when both spins are tuned into resonance with the cavity, indicative of a coherent spin-spin interaction. Our results demonstrate that microwave-frequency photons can be used as a resource to generate long-range two-qubit gates between spatially separated spins.