# Timing and Synchronization of the DUNE Neutrino Detector

## TL;DR

This paper discusses the design and testing of a timing and synchronization system for the DUNE neutrino detector, achieving high precision synchronization across a large-scale, distributed detector setup.

## Contribution

It introduces a reliable, affordable synchronization system combining simple protocols and White Rabbit technology for large-scale neutrino detectors.

## Key findings

- Timing jitter of <100 ps demonstrated in tests
- Successful prototyping at ProtoDUNE-SP at CERN
- Synchronization accuracy meets <10 ns requirement

## Abstract

The DUNE neutrino experiment far detector has a fiducial mass of 40 kt. The O(1 M) readout channels are distributed over the 4 x 10kt modules and need to be synchronized to O( 10 ns ) with a reliable, simple, affordable system. For the majority of channels a simple DC-balanced protocol is used, with clock and synchronization information encoded on the same fibre. The remaining channels use "White Rabbit" (IEEE-1588). Small scale tests show a timing jitter of <100 ps. The DUNE timing system has been successfully prototyped at the ProtoDUNE-SP detector at CERN.