# Deriving photospheric parameters and elemental abundances for a sample of stars showing the FIP effect

## TL;DR

This study provides homogeneous photospheric abundance measurements for 16 stars exhibiting the FIP effect, using optical spectroscopy and spectral synthesis to better understand elemental abundance variations between stellar photospheres and coronae.

## Contribution

It offers new, consistent photospheric parameters and elemental abundances for stars with the FIP effect, improving upon previous heterogeneous data sets.

## Key findings

- Homogeneous abundance measurements for 16 stars.
- Identification of elemental abundance patterns related to the FIP effect.
- Use of spectral synthesis for precise stellar parameter determination.

## Abstract

One puzzling question in solar physics is the difference between elemental abundances in the photosphere and the corona. Elements with low first ionization potential (FIP) can be overabundant in the corona compared to the photosphere under certain circumstances. The same phenomenon has been observed on a handful of stars, while a few of them show the inverse effect. But not all the stars in the original sample had precise photospheric abundances derived from optical spectra, so for some the solar values were adopted. In this work we make homogeneous abundance measurements from optical spectroscopy. We collected spectra of 16 stars showing the FIP effect with the 1-m RCC telescope of Konkoly Observatory, with resolution of $\lambda / \Delta \lambda \sim 21\,000$. We determine the fundamental astrophysical parameters ($T_\mathrm{eff}$, $\log g$, $[M/H]$, $\xi_\mathrm{mic}$, $v \sin i$) and individual elemental abundances with the SME spectral synthesis code using MARCS2012 model atmosphere and spectral line parameters from the Vienna Atomic Line Database (VALD).