# A sensitive calorimetric technique to study energy (heat) exchange at the nano-scale

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel calorimetric method capable of detecting minute energy exchanges at the nano-scale, enabling direct measurement of enthalpy changes in tiny samples, crucial for nano-device research.

## Contribution

The development of a highly sensitive calorimetric setup that can measure energy exchanges in nanogram samples with unprecedented precision.

## Key findings

- Detected temperature variations as low as 10 mK in 10 ng samples
- Measured hydrogen adsorption enthalpy release of about 23 μJ
- Demonstrated scalability to smaller sample sizes

## Abstract

Every time a chemical reaction occurs, an energy exchange between reactants and environment exists, which is defined as the enthalpy of the reaction. In the last decades, research has resulted in an increasing number of devices at the micro- or nano-scale. Sensors, catalyzers, and energy storage systems are more and more developed as nano-devices which represent the building blocks for commercial "macroscopic" objects. A general method for the direct evaluation of the energy balance of such systems is not available at present. Calorimetry is a powerful tool to investigate energy exchange, but it usually needs macroscopic sample quantities. Here we report on the development of an original experimental setup able to detect temperature variations as low as 10 mK in a sample of 10 ng using a thermometer device having physical dimensions of 5x5 mm2. The technique has been utilized to measure the enthalpy release during the adsorption process of H2 on a titanium decorated monolayer graphene. The sensitivity of these thermometers is high enough to detect a hydrogen uptake of 10^(-10) moles, corresponding to 0.2 ng, with an enthalpy release of about 23 uJ. The experimental setup allows, in perspective, the scalability to even smaller sizes.