# Simultaneous Feature Aggregating and Hashing for Compact Binary Code Learning

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel joint optimization framework for feature aggregation and hashing to generate more discriminative binary codes for image retrieval, outperforming existing methods.

## Contribution

It proposes a unified unsupervised hashing framework that optimizes feature aggregation and hashing simultaneously, with extensions for supervised hashing and a faster version of Binary Autoencoder.

## Key findings

- Outperforms state-of-the-art unsupervised hashing methods.
- Improves retrieval accuracy with joint optimization.
- Flexible extension to supervised hashing.

## Abstract

Representing images by compact hash codes is an attractive approach for large-scale content-based image retrieval. In most state-of-the-art hashing-based image retrieval systems, for each image, local descriptors are first aggregated as a global representation vector. This global vector is then subjected to a hashing function to generate a binary hash code. In previous works, the aggregating and the hashing processes are designed independently. Hence these frameworks may generate suboptimal hash codes. In this paper, we first propose a novel unsupervised hashing framework in which feature aggregating and hashing are designed simultaneously and optimized jointly. Specifically, our joint optimization generates aggregated representations that can be better reconstructed by some binary codes. This leads to more discriminative binary hash codes and improved retrieval accuracy. In addition, the proposed method is flexible. It can be extended for supervised hashing. When the data label is available, the framework can be adapted to learn binary codes which minimize the reconstruction loss w.r.t. label vectors. Furthermore, we also propose a fast version of the state-of-the-art hashing method Binary Autoencoder to be used in our proposed frameworks. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets under various settings show that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art unsupervised and supervised hashing methods.