# Photo-induced nuclear cooperation

## TL;DR

This paper theoretically investigates photo-induced nuclear cooperation and cooperative gamma emission involving neutron and proton exchange, calculating cross sections and transition probabilities, and relates findings to recent experimental observations with deuteron-rich samples.

## Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework for photo-induced nuclear cooperation and cooperative gamma emission with neutron and proton exchange, extending previous models.

## Key findings

- Calculated cross sections and transition probabilities for the reactions.
- Extended the model to include proton exchange processes.
- Discussed relevance to recent experimental observations.

## Abstract

Reactions $n_{\gamma }\gamma +$ $d+$ $_{z_{2}}^{A_{2}}X\rightarrow \left( n_{\gamma }\pm 1\right) \gamma +$ $p+$ $_{z_{2}}^{A_{2}+1}X$ and especially the reaction $d+$ $_{z_{2}}^{A_{2}}X\rightarrow \gamma +$ $p+$ $% _{z_{2}}^{A_{2}+1}X$, called photo-induced nuclear cooperation and cooperative spontaneous $\gamma $ emission with neutron exchange, respectively, are investigated theoretically. In the case of photo-induced nuclear cooperation it is supposed that the energy of $\gamma $ photons of the beam is less than the binding energy of the deuteron. The cross section and the transition probability per unit time, respectively, are determined with the aid of standard second order perturbation calculation of quantum mechanics. The calculations are extended to photo-induced nuclear cooperation and cooperative spontaneous $\gamma $ emission with proton exchange as well. With the aid of the results obtained, recent observations of nuclear activity of samples of large deuteron content after irradiation by photon-flux of photon energy smaller than the deuteron binding energy are discussed.