# Deep Generative Models for Reject Inference in Credit Scoring

## TL;DR

This paper introduces deep generative semi-supervised Bayesian models for reject inference in credit scoring, aiming to improve classification accuracy by inferring the creditworthiness of rejected applications using efficient stochastic gradient optimization.

## Contribution

The paper develops two novel deep generative models that incorporate Gaussian mixture dependencies for reject inference, outperforming classical and alternative models.

## Key findings

- Proposed models achieve higher accuracy in creditworthiness classification.
- Models effectively handle large datasets with stochastic gradient optimization.
- Experimental results show superior performance over existing methods.

## Abstract

Credit scoring models based on accepted applications may be biased and their consequences can have a statistical and economic impact. Reject inference is the process of attempting to infer the creditworthiness status of the rejected applications. In this research, we use deep generative models to develop two new semi-supervised Bayesian models for reject inference in credit scoring, in which we model the data generating process to be dependent on a Gaussian mixture. The goal is to improve the classification accuracy in credit scoring models by adding reject applications. Our proposed models infer the unknown creditworthiness of the rejected applications by exact enumeration of the two possible outcomes of the loan (default or non-default). The efficient stochastic gradient optimization technique used in deep generative models makes our models suitable for large data sets. Finally, the experiments in this research show that our proposed models perform better than classical and alternative machine learning models for reject inference in credit scoring.