# Imaging pulsar echoes at low frequencies

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the detection and imaging of pulsar echoes caused by interstellar scattering at low frequencies using high-resolution VLBI, revealing detailed scattering structures and their potential for ultra-high-resolution interstellar imaging.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel VLBI observational technique to detect and image scattering-induced echoes from pulsars, providing new insights into interstellar scattering structures.

## Key findings

- Detected and imaged scattering echoes from pulsar B1508+55.
- Identified a scattering screen at approximately 120 pc.
- Showed the potential of using echoes for high-resolution interstellar interferometry.

## Abstract

Interstellar scattering is known to broaden distant objects spatially and temporally. The latter aspect is difficult to analyse, unless the signals carry their own time stamps. Pulsars are so kind to do us this favour. Typically the signature is a broadened image with little or no substructure and a similarly smooth exponential scattering tail in the temporal profile. The case of the pulsar B1508+55 is special: The profile shows additional components that are moving relative to the main pulse with time. We use low-frequency VLBI with LOFAR to test the hypothesis that these components are actually such scattering-induced echoes, by trying to detect the expected angular offset. Using international stations (plus the Kilpisj\"arvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array "KAIRA") and the phased-up core of the LOFAR array, we can do interferometry at high resolution in time and space. This contribution presents a selection of results from an ongoing large-scale monitoring campaign. We can not only detect the offset, but even image a full string of echoes, and relate the positions with delays. What we find is apparently consistent with scattering by highly aligned components in a single screen at a distance of 120 pc. Further investigations will improve our understanding of the scattering process as basis of using the scattering-induced subimages as arms of a giant interstellar interferometer with insanely high resolution.