# Effects of reacceleration and source grammage on secondary cosmic rays spectra

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how reacceleration and source grammage influence secondary cosmic ray spectra, explaining anomalies in observed ratios and emphasizing the importance of these effects in cosmic ray propagation models.

## Contribution

It introduces the consideration of secondary particle production within acceleration regions and reacceleration during propagation, which are often neglected in cosmic ray studies.

## Key findings

- Secondary particles can be produced within acceleration regions.
- Reacceleration during propagation affects secondary-to-primary ratios.
- Accounting for these effects explains observed anomalies in cosmic ray data.

## Abstract

The ratio between secondary and primary cosmic ray particles is the main source of information about cosmic ray propagation in the Galaxy. Primary cosmic rays are thought to be accelerated mainly in Supernova Remnant (SNR) shocks and then released in the interstellar medium (ISM). Here they produce secondary particles by occasional collisions with interstellar matter. As a result, the ratio between the fluxes of secondary and primary particles carries information about the amount of matter cosmic rays have encountered during their journey from their sources to Earth. Recent measurements by AMS-02 revealed an unexpected behaviour of two main secondary-to-primary ratios, the Boron-to-Carbon ratio and the anti-proton-to-proton ratio. In this work we discuss how such anomalies may reflect the action of two phenomena that are usually overlooked, namely the fact that some fraction of secondary particles can be produced within the acceleration region, and the non-negligible probability that secondary particles encounter an accelerator (and are reaccelerated) during propagation. Both effects must be taken into account in order to correctly extract information about CR transport from secondary-to-primary ratios.