# Repetition Cat Qubits for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a fault-tolerant quantum computing scheme using repetition codes based on cat qubits stabilized by two-photon processes, enabling universal gates with exponentially suppressed errors and minimal experimental modifications.

## Contribution

It proposes a novel 1D repetition code with cat qubits that achieve hardware-efficient, fully protected logical gates without magic state distillation.

## Key findings

- Exponential suppression of bit-flip errors with photon number
- Universal set of protected logical gates including Toffoli
- Implementation feasible with slight modifications to existing setups

## Abstract

We present a 1D repetition code based on the so-called cat qubits as a viable approach toward hardware-efficient universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation. The cat qubits that are stabilized by a two-photon driven-dissipative process, exhibit a tunable noise bias where the effective bit-flip errors are exponentially suppressed with the average number of photons. We propose a realization of a set of gates on the cat qubits that preserve such a noise bias. Combining these base qubit operations, we build, at the level of the repetition cat qubit, a universal set of fully protected logical gates. This set includes single-qubit preparations and measurements, NOT, controlled-NOT, and controlled-controlled-NOT (Toffoli) gates. Remarkably, this construction avoids the costly magic state preparation, distillation, and injection. Finally, all required operations on the cat qubits could be performed with slight modifications of existing experimental setups.