# 3D reconstructions of EUV wave front heights and their influence on wave kinematics

## TL;DR

This study develops methods to reconstruct the 3D heights of EUV wave fronts in the solar corona using multi-point observations, enabling more accurate estimations of wave kinematics and understanding of their evolution.

## Contribution

The paper introduces two novel techniques combining epipolar geometry and perturbation profiles for 3D EUV wave front reconstruction from STEREO observations.

## Key findings

- EUV wave front heights range from 7 to 104 Mm during events.
- Correcting for wave front height significantly alters velocity estimates.
- Wave front heights evolve over time, affecting kinematic measurements.

## Abstract

EUV waves are large-scale disturbances in the solar corona initiated by coronal mass ejections. However, solar EUV images show only the wave fronts projections along the line-of-sight of the spacecraft. We perform 3D reconstructions of EUV wave front heights using multi-point observations from STEREO-A and STEREO-B, and study their evolution to properly estimate the EUV wave kinematics. We develop two different methods to solve the matching problem of the EUV wave crest on pairs of STEREO-A/-B images by combining epipolar geometry with the investigation of perturbation profiles. The proposed approaches are applicable at the early and maximum stage of the event when STEREO-A/-B see different facets of the EUV wave, but also at the later stage when the wave front becomes diffusive and faint. The techniques developed are demonstrated on two events observed at different separation of the STEREO spacecraft (42$^\circ$ and 91$^\circ$). For the 7 December 2007 event, we find that the emission of the EUV wave front mainly comes from a height range up to 90-104 Mm, decreasing later to 7-35 Mm. Including the varying height of the EUV wave front allows us to correct the wave kinematics for the projection effects, resulting in velocities in the range 217-266 km/s. For the 13 February 2009 event, the wave front height doubled from 54 to 93 Mm over 10 min, and the velocity derived is 205-208 km/s. In the two events under study, the corrected speeds differ by up to 25% from the uncorrected ones, depending on the wave front height evolution.