# Effects of winds on the leftover hydrogen in massive stars following Roche lobe overflow

## TL;DR

This study compares theoretical and empirical wind mass-loss rates in massive stars post-Roche lobe overflow, revealing significant differences in leftover hydrogen that impact supernova progenitor modeling.

## Contribution

It introduces a theoretical wind mass-loss rate approach and demonstrates its impact on hydrogen retention compared to empirical fits, highlighting model sensitivities.

## Key findings

- Theoretical wind models predict more residual hydrogen than empirical fits.
- Residual hydrogen levels influence supernova progenitor classifications.
- Stellar wind assumptions critically affect stellar evolution outcomes.

## Abstract

We find that applying a theoretical wind mass-loss rate from Monte Carlo radiative transfer models for hydrogen-deficient stars results in significantly more leftover hydrogen following stable mass transfer through Roche-lobe overflow than when we use an extrapolation of an empirical fit for Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars, for which a negligible amount of hydrogen remains in a large set of binary stellar evolution computations. These findings have implications for modelling progenitors of Type Ib and Type IIb supernovae. Most importantly, our study stresses the sensitivity of the stellar evolution models to the assumed mass-loss rates and the need to develop a better theoretical understanding of stellar winds.