# Improving Usability, Efficiency, and Safety of UAV Path Planning through a Virtual Reality Interface

## TL;DR

This paper presents an open-source VR platform for UAV path planning, demonstrating significant improvements in safety, usability, and efficiency over traditional interfaces, thus enhancing human-robot interaction for complex 3D flight path specification.

## Contribution

Introduces a novel open-source VR platform for UAV path planning and provides empirical comparison showing its advantages over existing interfaces.

## Key findings

- VR improves safety in UAV path planning
- VR enhances usability compared to manual controls
- VR increases efficiency over 2D touchscreen interfaces

## Abstract

As the capability and complexity of UAVs continue to increase, the human-robot interface community has a responsibility to design better ways of specifying the complex 3D flight paths necessary for instructing them. Immersive interfaces, such as those afforded by virtual reality (VR), have several unique traits which may improve the user's ability to perceive and specify 3D information. These traits include stereoscopic depth cues which induce a sense of physical space as well as six degrees of freedom (DoF) natural head-pose and gesture interactions. This work introduces an open-source platform for 3D aerial path planning in VR and compares it to existing UAV piloting interfaces. Our study has found statistically significant improvements in safety and subjective usability over a manual control interface, while achieving a statistically significant efficiency improvement over a 2D touchscreen interface. The results illustrate that immersive interfaces provide a viable alternative to touchscreen interfaces for UAV path planning.