# Action-based models for dwarf spheroidal galaxies and globular clusters

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new family of self-consistent, action-based models for stellar systems like dwarf spheroidal galaxies and globular clusters, capable of fitting observed data and including components like dark matter and black holes.

## Contribution

It develops a novel class of DF-based models using action integrals, applicable to systems with dark halos or black holes, and demonstrates their effectiveness in fitting observational data.

## Key findings

- Accurately fits surface brightness profiles of globular clusters.
- Provides precise models for observed densities of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
- Demonstrates flexibility with anisotropy and multiple components in models.

## Abstract

A new family of self-consistent DF-based models of stellar systems is explored. The stellar component of the models is described by a distribution function (DF) depending on the action integrals, previously used to model the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph). The stellar component may cohabit with either a dark halo, also described by a DF, or with a massive central black hole. In all cases we solve for the model's self-consistent potential. Focussing on spherically symmetric models, we show how the stellar observables vary with the anisotropy prescribed by the DF, with the dominance and nature of the dark halo, and with the mass of the black hole. We show that precise fits to the observed surface brightness profiles of four globular clusters can be obtained for a wide range of prescribed velocity anisotropies. We also obtain precise fits to the observed projected densities of four dSphs. Finally, we present a three-component model of the Scupltor dSph with distinct DFs for the red and blue horizontal branch stars and the dark matter halo.