# Thermodynamically optimal creation of correlations

## TL;DR

This paper investigates the fundamental energetic limits of creating correlations between quantum systems and proposes a framework for achieving optimal correlation creation with minimal energy cost, supported by theoretical methods.

## Contribution

It introduces a new framework for optimal correlation creation in quantum thermodynamics and demonstrates its feasibility for low-dimensional systems, with conjectures for higher dimensions.

## Key findings

- Optimal correlation creation is possible for 3- and 4-dimensional systems.
- Bounds on energetic cost of correlation creation can be achieved in these systems.
- Sufficient conditions for higher dimensions are proposed, with conjectures for universal applicability.

## Abstract

Correlations lie at the heart of almost all scientific predictions. It is therefore of interest to ask whether there exist general limitations to the amount of correlations that can be created at a finite amount of invested energy. Within quantum thermodynamics such limitations can be derived from first principles. In particular, it can be shown that establishing correlations between initially uncorrelated systems in a thermal background has an energetic cost. This cost, which depends on the system dimension and the details of the energy-level structure, can be bounded from below but whether these bounds are achievable is an open question. Here, we put forward a framework for studying the process of optimally correlating identical (thermal) quantum systems. The framework is based on decompositions into subspaces that each support only states with diagonal (classical) marginals. Using methods from stochastic majorisation theory, we show that the creation of correlations at minimal energy cost is possible for all pairs of three- and four-dimensional quantum systems. For higher dimensions we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of such optimally correlating operations, which we conjecture to exist in all dimensions.