# Anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian, magnetic phase diagram and domain inversion of Nd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$

## TL;DR

This study refines the anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian for Nd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$, explores its magnetic phase diagram, and investigates domain inversion mechanisms, providing insights into its complex magnetic behavior and dynamical kagome ice phenomena.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a refined anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian for Nd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ and combines experimental and theoretical methods to analyze its magnetic phases and domain inversion.

## Key findings

- Qualitative agreement between calculated and experimental phase diagrams.
- Identification of metastable states and domain inversion mechanisms.
- Explanation of dynamical kagome ice in [111] fields.

## Abstract

We present thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements on the quantum spin ice candidate Nd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$. The parameterization of the anisotropic exchange Hamiltonian is refined based on high-energy-resolution inelastic neutron scattering data together with thermodynamic data using linear spin wave theory and numerical linked cluster expansion. Magnetic phase diagrams are calculated using classical Monte Carlo simulations with fields along \mbox{[100]}, \mbox{[110]} and \mbox{[111]} crystallographic directions which agree qualitatively with the experiment. Large hysteresis and irreversibility for \mbox{[111]} is reproduced and the microscopic mechanism is revealed by mean field calculations to be the existence of metastable states and domain inversion. Our results shed light on the explanations of the recently observed dynamical kagome ice in Nd$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ in \mbox{[111]} fields.