# Quantum partition of energy for a free Brownian particle: Impact of dissipation

## TL;DR

This paper investigates how different dissipation mechanisms affect the quantum energy distribution of a free Brownian particle within the Caldeira-Leggett model, extending classical equipartition concepts to quantum systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a quantum energy partition theorem for a Brownian particle and analyzes the influence of various spectral densities on energy distribution and dissipation effects.

## Key findings

- Dissipation mechanisms significantly alter the probability distribution of thermostat oscillator frequencies.
- System-thermostat coupling strength influences the most probable oscillator frequency.
- Memory time impacts the kinetic energy and energy distribution of the quantum particle.

## Abstract

We study the quantum counterpart of the theorem on energy equipartition for classical systems. We consider a free quantum Brownian particle modelled in terms of the Caldeira-Leggett framework: a system plus thermostat consisting of an infinite number of harmonic oscillators. By virtue of the theorem on the averaged kinetic energy $E_k$ of the quantum particle, it is expressed as $E_k = \langle \mathcal E_k \rangle$, where $\mathcal E_k$ is thermal kinetic energy of the thermostat per one degree of freedom and $\langle ...\rangle$ denotes averaging over frequencies $\omega$ of thermostat oscillators which contribute to $E_k$ according to the probability distribution $\mathbb P(\omega)$. We explore the impact of various dissipation mechanisms, via the Drude, Gaussian, algebraic and Debye spectral density functions, on the characteristic features of $\mathbb{P}(\omega)$. The role of the system-thermostat coupling strength and the memory time on the most probable thermostat oscillator frequency as well as the kinetic energy $E_k$ of the Brownian particle is analysed.