# Deep Transfer Learning for Single-Channel Automatic Sleep Staging with Channel Mismatch

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a deep transfer learning method using SeqSleepNet to improve single-channel automatic sleep staging across datasets with different recording setups, effectively addressing channel mismatch issues.

## Contribution

It proposes a transfer learning framework that fine-tunes a pretrained network to adapt to different channel configurations in sleep data, enhancing performance on small cohorts.

## Key findings

- Significant performance improvements in sleep staging with transfer learning.
- Finetuning feature-learning parts is crucial for overcoming channel mismatch.
- Effective transfer across datasets with slight and heavy channel mismatch.

## Abstract

Many sleep studies suffer from the problem of insufficient data to fully utilize deep neural networks as different labs use different recordings set ups, leading to the need of training automated algorithms on rather small databases, whereas large annotated databases are around but cannot be directly included into these studies for data compensation due to channel mismatch. This work presents a deep transfer learning approach to overcome the channel mismatch problem and transfer knowledge from a large dataset to a small cohort to study automatic sleep staging with single-channel input. We employ the state-of-the-art SeqSleepNet and train the network in the source domain, i.e. the large dataset. Afterwards, the pretrained network is finetuned in the target domain, i.e. the small cohort, to complete knowledge transfer. We study two transfer learning scenarios with slight and heavy channel mismatch between the source and target domains. We also investigate whether, and if so, how finetuning entirely or partially the pretrained network would affect the performance of sleep staging on the target domain. Using the Montreal Archive of Sleep Studies (MASS) database consisting of 200 subjects as the source domain and the Sleep-EDF Expanded database consisting of 20 subjects as the target domain in this study, our experimental results show significant performance improvement on sleep staging achieved with the proposed deep transfer learning approach. Furthermore, these results also reveal the essential of finetuning the feature-learning parts of the pretrained network to be able to bypass the channel mismatch problem.