# Capacity and Energy-Efficiency of Delayed Access Scheme for Small Cell Networks

## TL;DR

This paper proposes a delayed access scheme for small cell networks that leverages moderate transmission delays to enhance coverage probability and energy efficiency, demonstrating significant improvements through analysis and simulations.

## Contribution

It introduces a simple delay-based access scheme and analyzes its impact on coverage and energy efficiency, showing substantial gains by optimally switching small base stations on and off.

## Key findings

- Order of magnitude improvement in energy-efficiency.
- Significant coverage probability enhancement at low SINR.
- Effective use of delay to improve network performance.

## Abstract

Data applications may typically tolerate a moderate delay before packet transmission between user equipment (UE) and cell begins. This delay can be taken advantage to reduce the communication distance, improve coverage probability, and increase overall energy-efficiency of the small cell network. To demonstrate such merits, we suggest a simple access scheme and analyze the distribution of coverage probability and throughput as a function of delay and transmit distance. Sufficient number of small base stations (SBSs) handle the peak traffic load. To improve energy-efficiency of the network, a number of SBSs are switched off at low traffic periods. Energy-efficiency can be further improved by turning all of the SBSs on and off, rather than selecting a subset and leaving them off. By doing so, coverage probability and bit-rate can be improved by delaying their transmissions and waiting for a closer SBS to become available. Results show that by turning SBSs on and off continuously and taking advantage of initial delay to connect a SBS yield an order of magnitude improvement in energy-efficiency, improves the coverage probability significantly at low signal to interference and noise (SINR) regime.