# Experimental identification of quantum spin liquids

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental progress in identifying quantum spin liquids, a highly entangled phase with potential applications in quantum technology, highlighting challenges and future research directions.

## Contribution

It summarizes recent experimental advances and discusses key issues in the detection and understanding of quantum spin liquids.

## Key findings

- Recent experimental techniques have provided new evidence for quantum spin liquids.
- Outstanding challenges remain in conclusively identifying quantum spin liquids.
- Future research directions are proposed to address current limitations.

## Abstract

In condensed matter physics, there is a novel phase termed "quantum spin liquid", in which strong quantum fluctuations prevent the long-range magnetic order from being established, and so the electron spins do not form an ordered pattern but remain "liquid" like even at absolute zero temperature. Such a phase is not involved with any spontaneous symmetry breaking and local order parameter, and to understand it is beyond the conventional phase transition theory. Due to the rich physics and exotic properties of quantum spin liquids, such as the long-range entanglement and fractional quantum excitations, which are believed to hold great potentials in quantum communication and computation, they have been intensively studied since the concept was proposed in 1973 by P. W. Anderson. Currently, experimental identifications of a quantum spin liquid still remain as a great challenge. Here, we highlight some interesting experimental progress that has been made recently. We also discuss some outstanding issues and raise questions that we consider to be important for future research.