# Clifford algebra approach of 3D Ising model

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a Clifford algebra framework for the 3D Ising model, enabling linearization and topological analysis of transfer matrices through novel theorems and transformations.

## Contribution

It develops a new algebraic approach using Clifford algebra, expanding transfer matrices and applying topological and gauge transformations to analyze the 3D Ising model.

## Key findings

- Transfer matrices are expanded without changing their trace.
- A linearization process for sub-transfer matrices is established.
- Topological structures are trivialized via local transformations.

## Abstract

We develop a Clifford algebra approach for 3D Ising model. By utilizing some mathematical facts of the direct product of matrices and their trace, we expand the dimension of the transfer matrices V of the 3D Ising system by adding unit matrices I (with compensation of a factor) and adjusting their sequence, which do not change the trace of the transfer matrices V (Theorem I: Trace Invariance Theorem). It allows us to perform a linearization process on sub-transfer-matrices (Theorem II: Linearization Theorem). It is found that locally for each site j, the internal factor Wj in the transfer matrices can be treated as a boundary factor, which can be dealt with by a procedure similar to the Onsager-Kaufman approach for the boundary factor U in the 2D Ising model. This linearization process splits each sub-transfer matrix into 2n sub-spaces (and the whole system into 2nl sub-spaces). Furthermore, a local transformation is employed on each of the sub-transfer matrices (Theorem III: Local Transformation Theorem). The local transformation trivializes the non-trivial topological structure, while it generalizes the topological phases on the eigenvectors. This is induced by a gauge transformation in the Ising gauge lattice that is dual to the original 3D Ising model. The non-commutation of operators during the processes of linearization and local transformation can be dealt with to be commutative in the framework of the Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner procedure, in which the multiplication in Jordan algebras is applied instead of the usual matrix multiplication AB (Theorem IV: Commutation Theorem).

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/1904.04001