# Graphene pixel-based polarization-insensitive metasurface for {almost perfect and wideband} terahertz absorption

## TL;DR

This paper presents a graphene-based metasurface capable of nearly perfect, wideband terahertz absorption that is polarization-insensitive, using minimal graphene coverage to reduce material use while maintaining high absorption.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel graphene pixel metasurface design that achieves high absorption over a broad spectrum with reduced graphene material compared to existing multilayer structures.

## Key findings

- Achieves 0.99 absorption over 1.16 THz range at normal incidence.
- Requires only a few graphene-patched pixels per meta-atom, reducing graphene use by two-thirds.
- Maintains polarization insensitivity and tunability through pixel dimension adjustments.

## Abstract

Absorption of terahertz waves by a metasurface comprising a biperiodic array of pixellated meta-atoms on top of a dielectric substrate backed by a perfect electric conductor was simulated using a commercial software, with either all or a few of the pixels in every meta-atom patched with graphene. Absorptances as high as 0.99 over a 1.16-THz-wide spectral regime for normal incidence were found for a metasurface comprising meta-atoms with only a few pixels patched with graphene, regardless of the polarization state. In comparison to metasurface absorbers comprising two graphene layers separated by an insulator mounted on a metal-backed substrate, graphene need was thereby reduced by two thirds. The number and dimensions of the pixels in a meta-atom can be altered to fit spectral requirements.