On the behavior of solutions of quasilinear elliptic inequalities near a boundary point
A. A. Kon'kov

TL;DR
This paper investigates the behavior of solutions to a class of quasilinear elliptic inequalities near boundary points, providing estimates that depend on the domain's geometry and imply boundary regularity conditions.
Contribution
It offers new estimates for solutions of elliptic inequalities near boundary points, linking solution behavior to domain geometry and boundary regularity.
Findings
Derived estimates depend on domain geometry
Established boundary regularity conditions
Provided conditions for solution behavior near boundary
Abstract
Assume that and are real numbers and is a non-empty open subset of , . We consider the inequality where is the gradient operator and and are some functions with for almost all and for all . For solutions of this inequality we obtain estimates depending on the geometry of . In particular, these estimates imply regularity conditions of a boundary point.
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Taxonomy
TopicsNonlinear Partial Differential Equations Ā· Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering Ā· Numerical methods in inverse problems
On the behavior of solutions of quasilinear elliptic inequalities near a boundary point
Andrej A. Konākov
Department of Differential Equations, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Vorobyovy Gory, Moscow, 119992 Russia
Abstract.
Assume that and are real numbers and is a non-empty open subset of , . We consider the inequality
[TABLE]
where is the gradient operator and and are some functions with
[TABLE]
for almost all and for all . For solutions of this inequality we obtain estimates depending on the geometry of . In particular, these estimates imply regularity conditions of a boundary point.
1. Introduction
Let be an open subset of , . By and we mean the open ball and the sphere in of radius and center at a point . In the case of , we write and instead of and , respectively. Let us denote and . Through out the paper, we assume that for any , where is some real number.
We are interested in the behavior of solutions of the problem
[TABLE]
where is the gradient operator and the function satisfies the ellipticity conditions
[TABLE]
with some constants , , and for almost all and for all . It is also assumed that is a real number and is a non-negative function such that for all , where satisfies the following requirements:
- (i)
if , then ; 2. (ii)
if and , then ; 3. (iii)
if and , then ; 4. (iv)
if and , then ; 5. (v)
if and , then .
We say that is a solution of problemĀ (1.1) if ,
[TABLE]
for any non-negative function and for any
In his classical papersĀ [8, 9], N.Ā Wiener obtained a boundary point regularity criteria for solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation. In other words, he found necessary and sufficient conditions for solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace equation to be continuous at a boundary point. The criteria was formulated in terms of capacity which is very similar to the one that arises in electrostatics. This approach proved to be very productive and was subsequently used by many authorsĀ [1ā7]. In paperĀ [7], V.G.Ā Mazāya managed to get sufficient regularity conditions for solutions of the Dirichlet problem for the p-Laplace equation. The results of V.G.Ā Mazāya were generalized for quasilinear equations containing term with lower-order derivatives by R.Ā Gariepy and W.Ā ZiemerĀ [2] and for systems of quasilinear equations by J.Ā BjƶrnĀ [1]. In so doing, authors of papersĀ [1, 2] imposed essential restrictions on coefficients of the lower-order derivatives. In the case of problemĀ (1.1), this restrictions take the form if and , , if . Therefore, the results ofĀ [1, 2] can not be applied if grows fast enough as (see ExamplesĀ 2.1ā2.3). Below we present TheoremsĀ 2.1ā2.10 that are free from this shortcoming.
We use the following notations. For every solution ofĀ (1.1) we put
[TABLE]
where the restriction of to , is understood in the sense of the trace and the essential supremum inĀ (1.2) is taken with respect to -dimensional Lebesgue measure on the sphere . In accordance with the maximum principle either is a monotonic function on the whole interval or there exists such that does not increase on and does not decrease on .
Let be a non-empty open subset of the sphere . We denote
[TABLE]
where is the dual metric tensor on induced by the standard euclidean metric on , and is the -dimensional volume element of . By the variational principle, is the first eigenvalue of the problem
[TABLE]
for the -Laplace-Beltrami operator
The capacity of a compact set relative to a non-empty open set is defined as
[TABLE]
where the infimum is taken over all functions that are identically equal to one in a neighborhood of . By definition, the capacity of the empty set is equal to zero. In the case of , we write instead of . If and , then coincides with the well-known Wiener capacity.
It can be shown that has the following natural properties.
- (a)
Monotonicity: If and , then
[TABLE] 2. (b)
Similarity property: If and , where is a real number, then
[TABLE] 3. (c)
Semiadditivity: Assume that and are compact subsets of an open set , then
[TABLE]
By the -essential inner diameter of an open set , where is a real number, we mean the value
[TABLE]
In so doing, if , then .
The -essential inner diameter is a monotone set function, i.e. if . It also is a monotone function of . In other words, if .
We say that , where and are real numbers and is an open set, if and
[TABLE]
It can be seen that is a Banach space with the norm
[TABLE]
where is the -dimensional volume of . In the case of , we obviously have
[TABLE]
2. Estimates of solutions near a boundary point
Below we assume by default that , , and are non-negative measurable functions such that
[TABLE]
[TABLE]
and
[TABLE]
for almost all , where and are some real numbers.
Remark 2.1*.*
In view ofĀ (1.3), if for any , then to performĀ (2.2) it is sufficient to require that
[TABLE]
for almost all .
Theorem 2.1**.**
Let and
[TABLE]
Then every non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) satisfies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small , where the constant depends only on , , , , , , and the ellipticity constants andĀ .
Example 2.1*.*
Assume that , and
[TABLE]
for almost all , where and are positive constants and .
If , then TheoremĀ 2.1 implies that as for any non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1). In addition, the estimate
[TABLE]
is valid for all sufficiently small , where the constant does not depend on . Really, we can take the function such that
[TABLE]
or, in other words,
[TABLE]
with some constants and for all from a neighborhood of zero. In so doing, as the , we can take a bounded function.
We note that, from paperĀ [2], the required regularity follows only for . In the case of the critical exponent , the results ofĀ [2] are inapplicable.
Now, let the inequality
[TABLE]
be fulfilled instead ofĀ (2.4). In other words, we examine the case of the critical exponent . If , then in accordance with TheoremĀ 2.1, where satisfiesĀ (2.5) and
[TABLE]
we have as for any non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1). In addition, it can be shown that
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small , where
[TABLE]
and is a constant independent of .
Theorem 2.2**.**
Let ,
[TABLE]
and, moreover,
[TABLE]
Then every non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) satisfies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small , where the constant depends only on , , , , , , , , and on the limit in the left-hand side ofĀ (2.7).
Remark 2.2*.*
ConditionĀ (2.7) is obviously fulfilled if we can touch zero by a cone that lies entirely outside the set . This condition is also fulfilled if
[TABLE]
Theorem 2.3**.**
Let ,
[TABLE]
and, moreover,Ā (2.7) holds. Then every non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) satisfies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small , where the constant depends only on , , , , , , , , and on the limit in the left-hand side ofĀ (2.7).
Example 2.2*.*
Assume that , , andĀ (2.4) is valid, where , , and are some constants.
In the case of , applying TheoremĀ 2.3 with
[TABLE]
we obtain that as for any non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1). In so doing, TheoremĀ 2.3 implies estimateĀ (2.6), where
[TABLE]
We note that the results of paperĀ [2] yields the required regularity for . It does not present any particular problem to verify that for all positive integers . Thus, TheoremĀ 2.3 provides us with a regularity condition that is better than the analogous condition given inĀ [2].
Now, let the inequality
[TABLE]
be fulfilled instead ofĀ (2.4).
If , then as for any non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1). In addition, the function satisfies estimateĀ (2.6), where
[TABLE]
To show this, it is sufficient to apply TheoremĀ 2.3 with
[TABLE]
Theorem 2.4**.**
EstimateĀ (2.3) remains valid if, under the assumptions of TheoremĀ 2.1, the function satisfies the inequality
[TABLE]
instead ofĀ (2.1), where and are some real numbers and
[TABLE]
In this case, the constant inĀ (2.3) depends also on .
Corollary 2.1**.**
Let the inequality
[TABLE]
be fulfilled instead ofĀ (2.1) and, moreover,
[TABLE]
Then every non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) satisfies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small , where the constant depends only on , , , , , and the ellipticity constants andĀ .
Theorem 2.5**.**
EstimateĀ (2.8) remains valid if, in the assumptions of TheoremĀ 2.2, the function satisfies inequalityĀ (2.9) instead ofĀ (2.1). In this case, the constant inĀ (2.8) depends also on .
Theorem 2.6**.**
Let be a non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1), where . Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , and the ellipticity constants and such that the condition
[TABLE]
implies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small .
Corollary 2.2**.**
Let be a non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) with and, moreover,Ā (2.10) holds instead ofĀ (2.1). Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , , and the ellipticity constants and such that the condition
[TABLE]
implies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small .
Theorem 2.7**.**
Let be a non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) with and, moreover,Ā (2.7) holds. Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , , , , and on the limit in the left-hand side ofĀ (2.7) such that the condition
[TABLE]
implies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small .
Theorem 2.8**.**
Let be a non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1) with and, moreover,Ā (2.7) holds. Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , , , , and on the limit in the left-hand side ofĀ (2.7) such that the condition
[TABLE]
implies the estimate
[TABLE]
for all sufficiently small .
Example 2.3*.*
Assume that , , andĀ (2.4) is valid, where , , and are some constants.
In the case of , taking
[TABLE]
in TheoremĀ 2.8, we obtain as for any non-negative solution ofĀ (1.1). In so doing, estimateĀ (2.6) is valid, where
[TABLE]
Note that the results of paperĀ [2] guarantee the required regularity for . It is easy to see that for all integers . Thus, TheoremĀ 2.8 gives us a better regularity condition than the results of paperĀ [2].
Theorem 2.9**.**
In the hypotheses of TheoremĀ 2.6, let the function satisfies inequalityĀ (2.9) instead ofĀ (2.1). Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , , and the ellipticity constants andĀ such that the conditionĀ (2.11) implies estimateĀ (2.12).
Theorem 2.10**.**
In the hypotheses of TheoremĀ 2.7, let the function satisfies inequalityĀ (2.9) instead ofĀ (2.1). Then there exist constants and depending only on , , , , , , , , , and on the limit in the left-hand side ofĀ (2.7) such that the conditionĀ (2.13) implies estimateĀ (2.14).
The reference list from the paper itself. Each links out to its DOI / PubMed record.
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- 2[2] R. Gariepy, W. Ziemer, A regularity condition at the boundary for solutions of quasilinear elliptic equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 67 (1977), 25ā39.
- 3[3] A.A. Konākov, On comparison theorems for quasi-linear elliptic inequalities with a special account of the geometry of the domain, Izvestiya: Mathematics 78 (2014), no. 4, 758ā808.
- 4[4] A.A. Konākov, Comparison theorems for second-order elliptic inequalities, Nonlinear Anal. Theory, Methods and Appl. 59 (2004), no. 4, 583ā608.
- 5[5] E.M. Landis, Second order equations of elliptic and parabolic type, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1998.
- 6[6] W. Littman, G. Stampacchia, B. Weinberger, Regular points for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients, Ann. Scuola Norm. Super. Pisa. Ser. 3. 17 (1963), no. 1ā2, 43ā77.
- 7[7] V.G. Mazāya, On the continuity at a boundary point of the solution of quasi-linear elliptic equations (Russian), Vestnik Leningrad. Univ. 25 (1970), 42ā55.
- 8[8] N. Wiener, The Dirichlet problem, J. Math. and Phys. 3 (1924), 127ā146.
