# Three fermion generations with two unbroken gauge symmetries from the complex sedenions

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that the algebra of complex sedenions can naturally encode three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry, using algebraic structures and primitive idempotents.

## Contribution

It introduces a novel algebraic framework using complex sedenions to model three fermion generations with unbroken gauge symmetry, extending previous octonion-based models.

## Key findings

- Three fermion generations are described using complex sedenions.
- The algebraic construction naturally yields exactly three generations.
- The approach links algebraic structures to Standard Model symmetries.

## Abstract

We show that three generations of leptons and quarks with unbroken Standard Model gauge symmetry $SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$ can be described using the algebra of complexified sedenions $\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{S}$. A primitive idempotent is constructed by selecting a special direction, and the action of this projector on the basis of $\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{S}$ can be used to uniquely split the algebra into three complex octonion subalgebras $\mathbb{C}\otimes \mathbb{O}$. These subalgebras all share a common quaternionic subalgebra. The left adjoint actions of the 8 $\mathbb{C}$-dimensional $\mathbb{C}\otimes \mathbb{O}$ subalgebras on themselves generates three copies of the Clifford algebra $C\ell(6)$. It was previously shown that the minimal left ideals of $C\ell(6)$ describe a single generation of fermions with unbroken $SU(3)_c\times U(1)_{em}$ gauge symmetry. Extending this construction from $\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{O}$ to $\mathbb{C}\otimes\mathbb{S}$ naturally leads to a description of exactly three generations.