# Diverse communities behave like typical random ecosystems

## TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that diverse ecological communities often behave like random ecosystems, especially when noise is added to consumer preferences, explaining the success of random models in microbial ecology.

## Contribution

The study extends May's random matrix approach to generalized consumer-resource models, showing that diverse communities exhibit typical random ecosystem behavior under certain conditions.

## Key findings

- Adding noise leads to a transition to typicality in community properties.
- Random consumer-resource models effectively reproduce microbial community patterns.
- Diverse communities are difficult to model with bottom-up approaches.

## Abstract

In 1972, Robert May triggered a worldwide research program studying ecological communities using random matrix theory. Yet, it remains unclear if and when we can treat real communities as random ecosystems. Here, we draw on recent progress in random matrix theory and statistical physics to extend May's approach to generalized consumer-resource models. We show that in diverse ecosystems adding even modest amounts of noise to consumer preferences results in a transition to "typicality" where macroscopic ecological properties of communities are indistinguishable from those of random ecosystems, even when resource preferences have prominent designed structures. We test these ideas using numerical simulations on a wide variety of ecological models. Our work offers an explanation for the success of random consumer-resource models in reproducing experimentally observed ecological patterns in microbial communities and highlights the difficulty of scaling up bottom-up approaches in synthetic ecology to diverse communities.