# Electron pairs' sliding states in superconductivity

## TL;DR

This paper models how tiny lattice displacements in a cuprate superconductor can induce electron pairs to slide over atomic distances, revealing a potential universal mechanism in strongly correlated electron systems.

## Contribution

It introduces a quantum-mechanical model showing that small lattice shifts can cause electron pairs to slide, suggesting a new universal aspect of electron behavior in superconductors.

## Key findings

- Small lattice displacements trigger electron pair sliding.
- Energy gaps indicate avoided crossings in electronic states.
- The phenomenon depends on lattice field and doping levels.

## Abstract

A quantum-mechanical model of Cu-O-Cu-O four-center four-electron part of the copper-oxide plane embedded in a superconducting crystal La$_{2-x}$Sr$% _{x}$CuO$_{4}$ (LSCO) is considered. It is shown that displacing the nearest-neighbor La(Sr)O plane lattice atoms off by a distance as small as $\pm 0.1$ angstrem, i.e. of the order of ground state vibrations dictated by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, may trigger a dramatic change of the ground state electronic charge distribution in the CuOCuO system. This results in the electron pairs' concerted sliding within the system over distances about 2 angstrem , i.e. close to the copper oxygen atomic distance. The effect depends crucially on the lattice crystal field and doping. The appearance of energy gaps associated with the electronic states' avoided crossings points to a universal nature of the phenomenon. The results suggest a generalization of the models used up to now in description of strongly correlated electrons.