# "Failed" tidal disruption events and X-ray flares from the Galactic Center

## TL;DR

This paper explores how retrograde stellar rotation affects tidal disruption events, leading to unique fallback accretion and X-ray flares that could explain past flares observed from the Galactic Center.

## Contribution

It presents hydrodynamical simulations showing that retrograde rotation makes stars more resistant to disruption and produces distinctive fallback accretion and X-ray flares.

## Key findings

- Retrograde rotation increases stellar resilience to tidal disruption.
- Fallback accretion can produce X-ray flares of about 10^{40} ergs/sec.
- Potential explanation for past X-ray flares from Sgr A*.

## Abstract

The process of tidal disruption of stars by a supermassive black hole (SMBH) provides luminous UV and soft X-ray flares with peak luminosities of $\approx 10^{46}$ ergs/sec and duration of a few months. As part of a wider exploration of the effects of stellar rotation on the outcome of a TDE, we have performed hydrodynamical simulations of the disruption of a rotating star whose spin axis is opposite to the orbital axis. Such a retrograde rotation makes the star more resilient to tidal disruption, so that, even if its orbit reaches the formal tidal radius, it actually stays intact after the tidal encounter. However, the outer layers of the star are initially stripped away from the core, but then fall back onto the star itself, producing a newly formed accretion disc around the star. We estimate that the accretion rate onto the star would be strongly super-Eddington (for the star) and would result in an X-ray flare with luminosity of the order of $\approx 10^{40}$ ergs/sec and duration of a few months. We speculate that such events might be responsible for the known X-ray flares from Sgr A* in the recent past.