# Distinguishing Primordial Black Holes from Astrophysical Black Holes by Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer

## TL;DR

This paper explores how next-generation gravitational-wave detectors like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer can differentiate primordial black holes from astrophysical black holes through sub-solar mass detection and merger rate analysis.

## Contribution

It proposes methods to identify primordial black holes using sub-solar mass detections and merger rate evolution, advancing black hole classification techniques.

## Key findings

- Detectable limits for sub-solar mass PBHs in dark matter.
- Forecasted event rate distributions for PBH and ABH mergers.
- Potential to distinguish super-solar mass PBHs from ABHs.

## Abstract

We investigate how the next generation gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, such as Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), can be used to distinguish primordial black holes (PBHs) from astrophysical black holes (ABHs). Since a direct detection of sub-solar mass black holes can be taken as the smoking gun for PBHs, we figure out the detectable limits of the abundance of sub-solar mass PBHs in cold dark matter by the targeted search for sub-solar mass PBH binaries and binaries containing a sub-solar mass PBH and a super-solar mass PBH, respectively. On the other hand, according to the different redshift evolutions of merger rate for PBH binaries and ABH binaries, we forecast the detectable event rate distributions for the PBH binaries and ABH binaries by ET and CE respectively, which can serve as a method to distinguish super-solar mass PBHs from ABHs.