# Exciting mutual inclination in planetary systems with a distant stellar companion: the case of Kepler-108

## TL;DR

This paper introduces the ivection resonance, a new secular mechanism that can excite mutual inclinations in multiplanet systems influenced by distant binary companions, potentially explaining observed inclinations like in Kepler-108.

## Contribution

It proposes and analyzes the ivection resonance as a novel secular process that can induce mutual inclination without increasing eccentricity in multiplanet systems with binary companions.

## Key findings

- Ivection resonance can excite mutual inclination in planetary systems.
- Capture into ivection resonance can occur with slow precession rate increase.
- Ivection resonance may inhibit formation or destabilize systems with binary companions.

## Abstract

We study the excitation of mutual inclination between planetary orbits by a novel secular-orbital resonance in multiplanet systems perturbed by binary companions which we call "ivection". The ivection resonance happens when the nodal precession rate of the planet matches a multiple of the orbital frequency of the binary, and its physical nature is similar to the previously-studied evection resonance. Capture into an ivection resonance requires encountering the resonance with slowly increasing nodal precession rate, and it can excite the mutual inclination of the planets without affecting their eccentricities. We discuss the possible outcomes of ivection resonance capture, and we use simulations to illustrate that it is a promising mechanism for producing the mutual inclination in systems where planets have significant mutual inclination but modest eccentricity, such as Kepler-108. We also find an apparent deficit of multiplanet systems which would have nodal precession period comparable to binary orbital period, suggesting that ivection resonance may inhibit the formation or destablize multiplanet systems with external binary companion.