# Sequential Adaptive Design for Jump Regression Estimation

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new adaptive design strategy for jump regression models with discontinuities, enabling efficient and fast sequential design point selection for applications like imaging and phase diagram mapping.

## Contribution

It proposes a simple, effective adaptive design criterion specifically tailored for regression functions with discontinuities, overcoming limitations of existing Bayesian and treed models.

## Key findings

- The new design criterion improves efficiency in jump regression estimation.
- Application to imaging accelerates data collection beyond traditional methods.
- Method effectively handles complex discontinuities in practical examples.

## Abstract

Selecting input variables or design points for statistical models has been of great interest in adaptive design and active learning. Motivated by two scientific examples, this paper presents a strategy of selecting the design points for a regression model when the underlying regression function is discontinuous. The first example we undertook was for the purpose of accelerating imaging speed in a high resolution material imaging; the second was use of sequential design for the purpose of mapping a chemical phase diagram. In both examples, the underlying regression functions have discontinuities, so many of the existing design optimization approaches cannot be applied because they mostly assume a continuous regression function. Although some existing adaptive design strategies developed from treed regression models can handle the discontinuities, the Bayesian approaches come with computationally expensive Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques for posterior inferences and subsequent design point selections, which is not appropriate for the first motivating example that requires computation at least faster than the original imaging speed. In addition, the treed models are based on the domain partitioning that are inefficient when the discontinuities occurs over complex sub-domain boundaries. We propose a simple and effective adaptive design strategy for a regression analysis with discontinuities: some statistical properties with a fixed design will be presented first, and then these properties will be used to propose a new criterion of selecting the design points for the regression analysis. Sequential design with the new criterion will be presented with comprehensive simulated examples, and its application to the two motivating examples will be presented.