# Time-Dependent Two-Fluid Magnetohydrodynamic Model and Simulation of the Chromosphere

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a two-fluid MHD model for the solar chromosphere that captures ion-neutral interactions, demonstrating that jets can be thermally driven by frictional heating rather than magnetic reconnection.

## Contribution

The study develops a novel two-fluid MHD simulation including ion-neutral interactions, revealing thermal jet driving mechanisms in the chromosphere.

## Key findings

- Magnetic canopy forms quickly and is disrupted by jets.
- Jets are driven mainly by frictional heating, not magnetic reconnection.
- The model self-consistently produces shocks in the chromosphere.

## Abstract

The sun's chromosphere is a highly dynamic, partially-ionized region where spicules (hot jets of plasma) form. Here we present a two-fluid MHD model to study the chromosphere, which includes ion-neutral interaction and frictional heating. Our simulation recovers a magnetic canopy shape that forms quickly, but is also quickly disrupted by the formation of a jet. Our simulation produces a shock self-consistently, where the jet is driven by the frictional heating, which is much greater than the ohmic heating. Thus, our simulation demonstrates that the jet could be driven purely by thermal effects due to ion-neutral collisions and not by magnetic reconnection. We plan to improve the model to include photo-chemical effects and radiation.