# Imaging the AGN Torus in Cygnus

## TL;DR

This study provides the first direct high-resolution imaging of the AGN torus in Cygnus A, revealing a clumpy, elongated structure consistent with free-free emission, advancing understanding of AGN core components.

## Contribution

First direct imaging of the AGN torus in Cygnus A at high resolution, confirming its elongated, clumpy structure and spectral properties, supporting existing AGN models.

## Key findings

- Resolved elongated structure perpendicular to jets
- Radio spectrum consistent with free-free emission
- Clumpy gas distribution with high-density clumps

## Abstract

We present the first direct imaging of what may be the thick torus in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the archetype powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A, using the Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) at 18 GHz to 48 GHz, with a resolution down to 45 mas. Such a torus has long been a key component of AGN models, but direct imaging on the relevant physical scales in sources of extreme (quasar-like) luminosities, remains scarce. An elongated structure, perpendicular to the radio jets and centered on the core, is well resolved, with a full length of $0.48"$ (528 pc), and a full width of $0.26"$ (286 pc). The radio emission spectrum is consistent with optically thin free-free emission. We present a toy model of a flaring torus, with a half-opening angle for the poloidal region of $62^o$. The radio jets are oriented along the poles. The observations require a clumpy gas distribution, with the free-free emission dominated by clumps with densities $\ge 4000$ cm$^{-3}$