# Melting transitions in biomembranes

## TL;DR

This study investigates melting transitions in native biological membranes from various organisms, revealing consistent transitions below physiological temperatures and discussing their biological significance and thermodynamic properties.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into the thermodynamics and biological importance of membrane melting transitions in native cell membranes, including proteins and lipids.

## Key findings

- Membrane melting transitions occur 10-20°C below physiological temperature.
- Transition positions depend on growth temperature in E. coli.
- Transitions are likely biologically significant for cell survival.

## Abstract

We investigated melting transitions in biological membranes in their native state that include their membrane proteins. These membranes originated from \textit{E. coli}, \textit{B. subtilis}, lung surfactant and nerve tissue from the spinal cord of several mammals. For some preparations, we studied the pressure, pH and ionic strength dependence of the transition. For porcine spine, we compared the transition of the native membrane to that of the extracted lipids. All preparations displayed melting transitions of 10-20 degrees below physiological or growth temperature, independent of the organism of origin and the respective cell type. The position of transitions in \textit{E. coli} membranes depends on the growth temperature. We discuss these findings in the context of the thermodynamic theory of membrane fluctuations that leads to largely altered elastic constants, an increase in fluctuation lifetime and in membrane permeability associated with the transitions. We also discuss how to distinguish lipid transitions from protein unfolding transitions. Since the feature of a transition slightly below physiological temperature is conserved even when growth conditions change, we conclude that the transitions are likely to be of major biological importance for the survival and the function of the cell.