# Complexity and Algorithms for Semipaired Domination in Graphs

## TL;DR

This paper studies the computational complexity of the semipaired domination problem in graphs, proving NP-completeness for some classes, providing efficient algorithms for others, and offering approximation bounds.

## Contribution

It introduces the first algorithmic analysis of the semipaired domination problem, including complexity results and approximation algorithms.

## Key findings

- NP-complete for bipartite and split graphs
- Linear-time algorithms for interval graphs and trees
- Approximation algorithm with ratio $1+
ln(2\Delta+2)$

## Abstract

For a graph $G=(V,E)$ with no isolated vertices, a set $D\subseteq V$ is called a semipaired dominating set of G if $(i)$ $D$ is a dominating set of $G$, and $(ii)$ $D$ can be partitioned into two element subsets such that the vertices in each two element set are at distance at most two. The minimum cardinality of a semipaired dominating set of $G$ is called the semipaired domination number of $G$, and is denoted by $\gamma_{pr2}(G)$. The \textsc{Minimum Semipaired Domination} problem is to find a semipaired dominating set of $G$ of cardinality $\gamma_{pr2}(G)$. In this paper, we initiate the algorithmic study of the \textsc{Minimum Semipaired Domination} problem. We show that the decision version of the \textsc{Minimum Semipaired Domination} problem is NP-complete for bipartite graphs and split graphs. On the positive side, we present a linear-time algorithm to compute a minimum cardinality semipaired dominating set of interval graphs and trees. We also propose a $1+\ln(2\Delta+2)$-approximation algorithm for the \textsc{Minimum Semipaired Domination} problem, where $\Delta$ denote the maximum degree of the graph and show that the \textsc{Minimum Semipaired Domination} problem cannot be approximated within $(1-\epsilon) \ln|V|$ for any $\epsilon > 0$ unless NP $\subseteq$ DTIME$(|V|^{O(\log\log|V|)})$.