# A new metric for statistical properties of long time behaviors

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new metric based on permutation averages to analyze long-term behaviors in dynamical systems, characterizing ergodicity and mean equicontinuity through this metric.

## Contribution

It defines a novel permutation-based metric for dynamical systems and uses it to characterize ergodic, physical, and weak mean equicontinuous systems.

## Key findings

- The new metric characterizes unique ergodicity via zero values.
- Ergodic and physical measures are characterized by the metric.
- Weak mean equicontinuity is equivalent to the existence and continuity of time averages.

## Abstract

Let $(X,T)$ be a topological dynamical system with metric $d$. We define a new function $\overline{F}(x,y)=\limsup\limits_{n \to +\infty} \inf\limits_{\sigma \in S_n} \frac 1n \sum\limits_{k=1}^n d(T^k x,T^{\sigma(k)} y)$ by using permutation group $S_n$. It's shown $F(x,y)=\lim\limits_{n \to +\infty} \inf\limits_{\sigma \in S_n} \frac 1n \sum\limits_{k=1}^n d(T^k x,T^{\sigma(k)} y)$ exists when $x,y \in X$ are generic points. Applying this function, we prove $(X,T)$ is uniquely ergodic if and only if $\overline{F}(x,y)=0$ for any $x,y \in X$. The characterizations of ergodic measures and physical measures by $\overline{F}(x,y)$ are given. We introduce the notion of weak mean equicontinuity and prove that $(X,T)$ is weak mean equicontinuous if and only if the time averages $f^{*}(x)=\lim\limits_{n \to +\infty}\frac 1n \sum\limits_{k=1}^n f(T^k x)$ exist and are continuous for all $f \in C(X)$.