# Decoherence and collective effects in critical media

## TL;DR

This paper explores how critical phenomena like phase transitions influence quantum decoherence and collective emission in materials, revealing effects such as enhanced emission and a sudden death of interference near critical points.

## Contribution

It introduces a unified formalism to analyze decoherence and collective emission near critical media, highlighting the interplay between Purcell and collective effects in phase transitions.

## Key findings

- Decoherence and emission rates are affected by proximity to critical points.
- Hysteresis in rates is observed in VO2 during metal-insulator transition.
- VO2 can be used to tune quantum effects via temperature control.

## Abstract

We investigate the influence of critical phenomena on two distinct physical processes: the center-of-mass decoherence of a single emitter, and the collective radiation of two emitters. We address these different physical mechanisms with an unified formalism relying on standard perturbation theory. We decompose the decoherence and the collective emission rates as a sum of two contributions, accounting for the spontaneous emission and for interference effects respectively. The former is enhanced by the Purcell effect when the material is in the vicinity of the emitter(s). The latter, associated to quantum interferences, experiences a "sudden death" near the critical point of the phase transition. Our findings unveil the interplay between the Purcell and collective effects and its dependence on metal-insulator transitions. We discuss two specific examples of phase transitions: the percolation transition in a metal-dielectric composite, and the metal-insulator transition in VO2. In the latter, decoherence and collective emission rates exhibit a characteristic hysteresis that strongly depends on the material temperature. These results, based on experimental data, suggest that VO2 could be explored as a versatile material platform where decoherence and collective emission can be tuned by varying the temperature.