# Plasmonic Bubbles in n-Alkanes

## TL;DR

This study investigates how plasmonic gold nanoparticles induce microbubble formation in n-alkanes under laser irradiation, revealing two distinct bubble growth phases and the influence of alkane chain length on bubble size.

## Contribution

It provides new insights into the dynamics of plasmonic bubble formation in organic solvents and how chain length affects bubble growth, informing applications in chemical reaction control.

## Key findings

- Explosive microbubbles form within 100 μs, size depends on laser power.
- Final bubble size increases with decreasing alkane chain length.
- Bubble formation dynamics are influenced by laser power and alkane properties.

## Abstract

In this paper we study the formation of microbubbles upon the irradiation of an array of plasmonic Au nanoparticles with a laser in n-alkanes ($C_{n}H_{2n+2}$, with n = 5-10). Two different phases in the evolution of the bubbles can be distinguished. In the first phase, which occurs after a delay time {\tau}d of about 100 {\mu}s, an explosive microbubble, reaching a diameter in the range from 10 {\mu}m to 100 {\mu}m, is formed. The exact size of this explosive microbubble barely depends on the carbon chain length of the alkane, but only on the laser power $P_l$. With increasing laser power, the delay time prior to bubble nucleation as well as the size of the microbubble both decrease. In the second phase, which sets in right after the collapse of the explosive microbubble, a new bubble forms and starts growing due to the vaporization of the surrounding liquid, which is highly gas rich. The final bubble size in this second phase strongly depends on the alkane chain length, namely it increases with decreasing number of carbon atoms. Our results have important implications for using plasmonic heating to control chemical reactions in organic solvents.