# Optimising Graphene Visibility in van der Waals Heterostructures

## TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive model to predict and enhance the optical visibility of graphene in van der Waals heterostructures, accounting for experimental factors like source spectrum and detector sensitivity.

## Contribution

It introduces a realistic, extendable framework and code for predicting graphene visibility in heterostructures, validated by experimental data.

## Key findings

- Good agreement between model and experiment
- Predicts optimal conditions for graphene visibility
- Framework applicable to other 2D materials

## Abstract

Graphene constitutes one of the key elements in many functional van der Waals heterostructures. However, it has negligible optical visibility due to its monolayer nature. Here we study the visibility of graphene in various van der Waals heterostructures and include the effects of the source spectrum, oblique incidence and the spectral sensitivity of the detector to obtain a realistic model. A visibility experiment is performed at different wavelengths, resulting in a very good agreement with our calculations. This allows us to reliably predict the conditions for better visibility of graphene in van der Waals heterostructures. The framework and the codes provided in this work can be extended to study the visibility of any 2D material within an arbitrary van der Waals heterostructure.