Small Interplanetary Magnetic Flux Rope
H. Q. Feng, G. Q. Zhao, and J. M. Wang

TL;DR
Small interplanetary magnetic flux ropes (SIMFRs) are small, often slow-moving structures near 1 AU, with diverse origins and properties, potentially linked to small CMEs and different formation mechanisms in the solar corona or interplanetary space.
Contribution
This paper reviews the properties, origins, and observational features of SIMFRs, highlighting their similarities to magnetic clouds and discussing their possible dual origins.
Findings
SIMFRs are mostly observed in slow solar wind.
Many SIMFRs show abnormal heavy ion compositions.
Some SIMFRs are confirmed to be interplanetary counterparts of CMEs.
Abstract
Small interplanetary magnetic flux ropes (SIMFRs) are often detected by space satellites in the interplanetary space near 1 AU. These ropes can be fitted by a cylindrically symmetric magnetic model. The durations of SIMFRsare usually <12 h, and the diameters of SIMFRsare <0.20 AU and show power law distribution. Most SIMFRs are observed in the typically slow solar wind (<500 km/s), and only several events are observed with high speed (>700 km/s). Some SIMFRs demonstrate abnormal heavy ion compositions, such as abnormally high He abundance, abnormally high average iron ionization, and enhanced O7+ abundance. These SIMFRs originate from remarkablyhot coronal origins. Approximately 74.5% SIMFRs exhibit counterstreamingsuprathermal electron signatures. Given their flux rope configuration, SIMFRs are potentially more effective for substorms. SIMFRs and magnetic clouds havemany similar…
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Taxonomy
TopicsSolar and Space Plasma Dynamics · Astro and Planetary Science · Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
