# Performance Evaluation of Frequency Domain Equalisation Based Colour Shift Keying Modulation Schemes Over Diffuse Optical Wireless Channels

## TL;DR

This paper evaluates the performance of frequency domain equalisation in colour shift keying modulation schemes for visible light communication, demonstrating significant data rate improvements and power efficiency over diffuse optical channels.

## Contribution

It introduces the application of FDE to CSK schemes in VLC, showing enhanced BER performance and higher data rates over dispersive channels.

## Key findings

- FDE enables BER of 10^-6 at finite optical power levels.
- Achieves data rates up to 85.33 Mbit/s with TLED CSK.
- Reduces optical power requirements by up to 12.6 dB.

## Abstract

Multi-colour light-emitting diode (LED) based visible light communication (VLC) benefits from wavelength diversity while providing indoor illumination. Colour shift keying (CSK) is a well-researched IEEE standardised multi-colour VLC modulation technique. This paper presents an investigation into the performance of tri-chromatic LED (TLED) CSK standardised in IEEE 802.15.7 and a quad-chromatic LED (QLED) CSK, over a range of diffuse optical wireless channels, and proposes the use of frequency domain equalisation (FDE) at the receiver to combat multipath dispersion. The investigation results show that the FDE enables the higher order CSK modulation modes to achieve a bit error rate (BER) of 10\textsuperscript{-6} for finite amounts of optical power while operating over highly dispersive channels and hence provide data links of up to 85.33 and 256 Mbit/s through TLED and QLED CSK, respectively, for a system bandwidth of 24 MHz. The overall optical power requirements of the CSK schemes can be reduce by up to 12.6 dB with the use of FDE at the cost of a small overhead due to cyclic prefix. The optical channel model used in this investigation includes the cross-talk and insertion losses caused by the optical properties of commercially available system front end devices.