Two-dimensional Magnetization-Transfer - CPMG MRI reveals tract- specific signatures in fixed rat spinal cord

TL;DR

This study uses 2D Magnetization Transfer and CPMG MRI at high field to reveal tract-specific signatures in fixed rat spinal cord, enhancing understanding of white matter microstructure and its MRI contrast mechanisms.

Contribution

It introduces 2D MT-MET2 MRI experiments to investigate off-resonance effects, revealing tract-specific modulation and contrast enhancement in spinal cord white matter.

Findings

MT affects both short and long T2 components in a tract-specific manner

Enhanced contrast between different spinal cord tracts was observed

Proposed hypotheses involve water exchange and other macromolecules influencing the results

Abstract

Multiexponential T2 (MET2) Relaxometry and Magnetization Transfer (MT) are among the most promising MRI-derived techniques for white matter (WM) characterization. Both techniques are shown to have histologically correlated sensitivity to myelin, but these correlations are not fully understood. Furthermore, MET2 and MT reports on different features of WM, thus being specific to different (patho)physiological states. Two-dimensional studies, such as those commonly used in NMR, have been rarely performed in this context. Here, off-resonance irradiation effects on MET2 components were evaluated in fixed rat spinal cord white matter at 16.4T. These 2D MT-MET2 experiments reveal that MT affects both short and long T2 in a tract-specific fashion. The spatially distinct modulations enhanced contrast between microstructurally-distinct spinal cord tracts. Two hypotheses to explain these findings were proposed: either selective elimination of a short T2 component through pre-saturation is combined with intercompartmental water exchange effects that occur on the timescale of irradiation; or other macromolecular species that exist within the tissue - other than myelin - such as neurofilaments, may be involved in the apparent microstructural segregation of the spinal cord (SC) from MET2. Though further investigation is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism, this phenomenon adds a new dimension for WM characterization.