Biomarker of extracellular matrix remodelling C1M and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 are related to synovitis and pain in end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients

TL;DR

This study identifies specific extracellular matrix and inflammatory biomarkers, C1M and IL-6, that are associated with synovitis and pain in end-stage knee osteoarthritis, highlighting their potential role in disease mechanisms.

Contribution

It reveals distinct associations between C1M, IL-6, synovitis, and pain, emphasizing the importance of synovitis as a confounder in biomarker studies of osteoarthritis.

Findings

sf-IL-6 is associated with synovitis in the parapatellar region

C1M correlates with synovitis in the peri-ligamentous region

sf-IL-6 and C1M are linked to pain, with synovitis mediating some associations

Abstract

Little is known about local and systemic biomarkers in relation to synovitis and pain in end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) patients. We investigated the associations between the novel extracellular matrix biomarker, C1M, and local and systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) with synovitis and pain. Serum C1M, plasma and synovial fluid IL-6 (p-IL-6, sf-IL-6) were measured in 104 end-stage knee OA patients. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to semi-quantitatively assess an 11-point synovitis score; pain was assessed by the Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Linear regression was used to investigate associations between biomarkers and synovitis, and biomarkers and pain while controlling for age, sex and body mass index. We also tested whether associations between biomarkers and pain were confounded by synovitis. We found sf-IL-6 was associated with synovitis in the parapatellar subregion (B=0.006; 95% CI 0.003-0.010), and no association between p-IL-6 and synovitis. We also observed an association between C1M and synovitis in the peri-ligamentous subregion (B=0.013; 95% CI 0.003-0.023). Further, sf-IL-6, but not p-IL-6, was significantly associated with pain, WOMAC (B=0.022; 95% CI 0.004-0.040) and NPQ (B=0.043;95% CI 0.005-0.082). There was no association between C1M and WOMAC pain but we did find an association between C1M and NPQ (B=0.229; 95% CI 0.036-0.422). Lastly, synovitis explained both biomarker-NPQ associations, but not the biomarker-WOMAC association. These results suggest C1M and IL-6 are associated with synovitis and pain, and synovitis is an important confounding variable when studying biomarkers and neuropathic features in OA patients.