# Pre-dual of Fofana's spaces

## TL;DR

This paper characterizes the pre-dual of Fofana's Wiener amalgam-based spaces, focusing on their dilation properties and minimal invariant spaces, advancing the understanding of their duality structure.

## Contribution

It provides a novel characterization of the pre-dual of Fofana's spaces using minimal invariant spaces related to dilation operators.

## Key findings

- Pre-dual characterized via minimal invariant spaces
- Spaces exhibit dilation behavior similar to $L^eta(\

## Abstract

It is the purpose of this paper to give a characterization of the pre-dual of the spaces introduced by I.~Fofana on the basis of Wiener amalgam spaces. Those spaces have a specific dilation behaviour similar to the spaces $L^\alpha(\mathbb R^d)$. The characterization of the pre-dual will be based on the idea of minimal invariant spaces (with respect to such a group of dilation operators).