# Nonlocal statistical field theory of dipolar particles forming chain-like clusters

## TL;DR

This paper develops a nonlocal statistical field theory for dipolar particles forming chain-like clusters, deriving analytical expressions for electrostatic free energy and potential, and analyzing effects of association on solution properties.

## Contribution

It introduces a new nonlocal field theory for associating dipolar particles, including analytical solutions and insights into electrostatic and dielectric properties.

## Key findings

- Increased association constant reduces electrostatic free energy, preventing phase separation.
- Association increases the solvation radius of a point charge in the solution.
- In the mean-field approximation, association does not alter bulk dielectric permittivity.

## Abstract

We present a nonlocal statistical field theory of a diluted solution of dipolar particles which are capable of forming chain-like clusters in accordance with the 'head-to-tail' mechanism. As in our previous study [Yu.A. Budkov 2018 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 30 344001], we model dipolar particles as dimers comprised of oppositely charged point-like groups, separated by fluctuating distance. For the special case of the Yukawa-type distribution function of distance between the charged groups of dipolar particles we obtain an analytical expression for the electrostatic free energy of solution within the random phase approximation. We show that an increase in the association constant leads to a decrease in the absolute value of the electrostatic free energy of solution, preventing its phase separation which is in agreement with the former computer simulations and theoretical results. We obtain a non-linear integro-differential equation for the self-consistent field potential created by the fixed external charges in a solution medium, taking into account the association of dipolar particles. As a consequence of the derived self-consistent field equation, in regime of weak electrostatic interactions, we obtain an analytical expression for the electrostatic potential of the point-like test ion, surrounded by the chain-like clusters of the dipolar particles. We show that in the mean-field approximation the association does not change the bulk dielectric permittivity of the solution, but increases the solvation radius of the point-like charge, relative to the theory of non-associating dipolar particles.