# Temperature dependence of the electronic structure of A-site ordered perovskite CaCu$_3$Ti$_4$O$_{12}$: Angle-integrated and -resolved photoemission studies

## TL;DR

This study explores how the electronic structure of the A-site ordered perovskite CaCu$_3$Ti$_4$O$_{12}$ changes with temperature using photoemission spectroscopy, revealing increased localized states at lower temperatures.

## Contribution

It provides the first detailed temperature-dependent photoemission analysis of CaCu$_3$Ti$_4$O$_{12}$, highlighting the evolution of its electronic structure and correlation effects.

## Key findings

- Cu 3d-O 2p$ hybridized bands increase in intensity as temperature decreases.
- Localized states density enhances at lower temperatures.
- Electronic structure changes are intrinsic and observable with careful charging effect considerations.

## Abstract

We have investigated the electronic structure of A-site ordered CaCu$_3$Ti$_4$O$_{12}$ as a function of temperature by using angle-integrated and -resolved photoemission spectroscopies. Intrinsic changes of the electronic structure have been successfully observed in the valence band region by the careful consideration of charging effects. The obtained photoemission results have revealed that the intensity of the nearly non-dispersive Cu 3$d$-O 2$p$ hybridized bands at the binding energy of $\sim$2 eV increases with decreasing temperature from 300 to 120 K. This suggests that the density of the localized states, caused by the strong correlation effects, enhances as temperature decreases.