# Orbital period variation of KIC 10544976: Applegate mechanism versus light travel time effect

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes eclipse timing variations in the binary KIC 10544976, comparing the Applegate mechanism and light travel time effect, and suggests a circumbinary planet as a likely cause of observed long-term period changes.

## Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of ETVs in KIC 10544976, proposing a circumbinary planet based on LTT effect, and links magnetic cycles to stellar activity in the system.

## Key findings

- ETV variations can be explained by LTT effect with a ~16.8-year period.
- Magnetic cycle of the red dwarf is approximately 600 days.
- Possible circumbinary planet has a minimal mass of ~13.4 Jupiter masses.

## Abstract

In recent years, several close post-common-envelope eclipsing binaries have been found to show cyclic eclipse timing variations (ETVs). This effect is usually interpreted either as the gravitational interaction among circumbinary bodies and the host binary -- known as the light travel time (LTT) effect -- or as the quadrupole moment variations in one magnetic active component -- known as Applegate mechanism. In this study, we present an analysis of the ETV and the magnetic cycle of the close binary KIC 10544976. This system is composed of a white dwarf and a red dwarf in a short orbital period (0.35 days) and was monitored by ground-based telescopes between 2005 and 2017 and by the Kepler satellite between 2009 and 2013. Using the Kepler data, we derived the magnetic cycle of the red dwarf by two ways: the rate and energy of flares and the variability due to spots. Both methods resulted in a cycle of ~600 days, which is in agreement with magnetic cycles measured for single low-mass stars. The orbital period of KIC 10544976 shows only one long-term variation which can be fitted by an LTT effect with period of ~16.8 yr. Hence, one possible explanation for the ETVs is the presence of a circumbinary body with minimal mass of ~13.4 M_Jup. In the particular scenario of coplanarity between the external body and the inner binary, the third body mass is also ~13.4 M_Jup. In this case, the circumbinary planet must either have survived the evolution of the host binary or have been formed as a consequence of its evolution.